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Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC) is possibly the most enigmatic figure in the entire history of philosophy.

The essential nature of Socrates’ philosophy lay in the fact that he did not appear to want to instruct people.

In the year 399 BC Socrates, accused of ‘introducing new gods and corrupting the youth,’ was put on public trial.

Plato (428 – 347 BC), a pupil of Socrates, was 29 years-old when his teacher drank the deadly hemlock.

Like the major philosophers before him, Plato thought about the substance, or roots, of nature and the Problem of Change.

Expanding upon his Theory of Ideas to explain the nature of reality itself, Plato imagined the Myth of the Cave.

The Myth of the Cave is found in Plato’s dialogue called The Republic, in which he argues for his Ideal State.